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In my last post: http://www.mathewjenkinson.co.uk/twilio-sms-conversations-using-cookies/ I used HTTP Cookies to ask multiple questions to a handset. This got me thinking, what if I could use that conversation to generate a lead in Salesforce.

For example, your at an event, ‘CloudForce’ for example 😉 and you want to ask your guests about the experience they are having as well as capture the guests phone number in a lead campaign in Salesforce ready to pick up with the lead after the event. This gives you instant feedback on how people are enjoying the event, an incoming lead stream and verified phone numbers from potential customers.

In this post, Im going to build on using Twilio cookies to populate a lead campaign in Salesforce. To initiate this setup, I want to get the interested lead to message a keyword “CloudForceEU” for example. Once the initial message comes in, I want to ask 4 questions to the lead and then pass the captured data to our Salesforce instance.

To replicate this setup you will need:

  • An account with Twilio (https://www.twilio.com/try-twilio)
  • A SMS capable number within your Account Portal.
  • A Salesforce instance where you can add custom lead fields and use Web2Lead Form generator
  • A PHP based server to host the script found on my Github.  – If your savy you can make your own in another language such as Ruby or Python 🙂

Setting up Salesforce

To begin we need to add 4 custom fields to our salesforce lead’s panel. As I am choosing to ask 4 questions to our potential lead I want to capture this information so I can get an overall feel for the event as well as capturing info about our potential lead.

To add a custom field in Salesforce go to : salesforce.com/p/setup/layout/LayoutFieldList?type=Lead&setupid=LeadFields

or:  Setup > Leads > Fields and scroll to the bottom for ‘Custom Fields’ It should look something like:

Leads Generation SalesForce

Leads Generation SalesForce

Here we want the button marked ‘New’. Following the steps, we want a new text box of no more than 150 (This is WAY more than we need as we are only gathering simple responses). Fill in the details for the new field and then continue along. I tend to add the details of the question in the description so that I know what Question1 relates to. Continue this until you have all your question fields added.

Now we are going to build our Web2Lead form and capture the ID’s needed for our SMS Script.

Navigate to: Customize > Leads > Web-To-Lead

Remove all the initial fields from the box marked ‘Selected Fields’ and then import:

  • PhoneNumber
  • Campaign
  • Question1
  • Question2
  • Question3
  • Question4

You could add first name to this setup but you would need add a name collection to the SMS conversation, while its easy to do. Its not something I will be doing in this setup.

In the end your setup should look something like:

SF Web2Lead

SF Web2Lead

Then click generate. Salesforce will spit you out some code that you could use in a webform but we are going to grab the details of this code and use it in our SMS lead tracker. The code will look something like:

 

<!– ———————————————————————- –>
<!– NOTE: Please add the following <META> element to your page <HEAD>. –>
<!– If necessary, please modify the charset parameter to specify the –>
<!– character set of your HTML page. –>
<!– ———————————————————————- –>

<META HTTP-EQUIV=”Content-type” CONTENT=”text/html; charset=UTF-8″>

<!– ———————————————————————- –>
<!– NOTE: Please add the following <FORM> element to your page. –>
<!– ———————————————————————- –>

<form action=”https://www.salesforce.com/servlet/servlet.WebToLead?encoding=UTF-8″ method=”POST”>

<input type=hidden name=”oid” value=”ABC123″>
<input type=hidden name=”retURL” value=”http://”>

<!– ———————————————————————- –>
<!– NOTE: These fields are optional debugging elements. Please uncomment –>
<!– these lines if you wish to test in debug mode. –>
<!– <input type=”hidden” name=”debug” value=1> –>
<!– <input type=”hidden” name=”debugEmail” –>
<!– value=”[email protected]”> –>
<!– ———————————————————————- –>

<label for=”phone”>Phone</label><input id=”phone” maxlength=”40″ name=”phone” size=”20″ type=”text” /><br>

<label for=”Campaign_ID”>Campaign</label><select id=”Campaign_ID” name=”Campaign_ID”><option value=””>–None–</option></select><br>

Question1:<input id=”Question1″ maxlength=”174″ name=”Question1″ size=”20″ type=”text” /><br>

Question2:<input id=”Question2″ maxlength=”174″ name=”Question2″ size=”20″ type=”text” /><br>

Question3:<input id=”Question3″ maxlength=”174″ name=”Question3″ size=”20″ type=”text” /><br>

Question4:<input id=”Question4″ maxlength=”174″ name=”Question4″ size=”20″ type=”text” /><br>

<input type=”submit” name=”submit”>

</form>

 

As you can see its quite comprehensive, what we need from this code snippet; is the form URL, formID and then the ID’s for our phone number, campaign and questions. From the script above we get

  • URL Endpoint: ‘https://www.salesforce.com/servlet/servlet.WebToLead?encoding=UTF-8’
  • FormID: ‘ABC123’
  • Phone Number: ‘phone’
  • Campaign ID : ‘Campaign_ID’
  • Question 1 : ‘Question1’
  • Question 2 : ‘Question2’
  • Question 3 : ‘Question3’
  • Question 4 : ‘Question4’

This is the data we need to plug into our SMS cookie script.

At the end of the Twilio SMS conversation, the script will bundle up the details of the conversation and HTTPS POST to the salesforce URL.

Using Twilio cookies to mange the SMS Conversation

In the last post: http://www.mathewjenkinson.co.uk/twilio-sms-conversations-using-cookies/ I used HTTP Cookies to ask multiple questions to a handset. Now we are going to do the same thing, except at the end of this conversation we are going to post the data to Salesforce. You can find a copy of the script on my Github Twilio 2 SalesforceLeads.

The full script Im going to use is:

<?php
// Load the questions we want:
$question1 = ‘Hello. Welcome to the event! We would like to ask you some questions about your experience.</Message><Message>What did you think of the venue & refreshments? 5 (Exceptional) 0 (Poor)’; // by adding the </Message><Message> you can break up the initial response into a welcome message and then question1.
$question2 = ‘And the content of the Presentations? 5 (Exceptional) 0 (Poor)’;
$question3 = ‘How likely are you to attend future Twilio events from 5 (Definitely would) to 0 (definitely would not)’;
$question4 = ‘Is there anything specific you would like to discuss with Twilio? 5 (Yes, please asks someone to call) 0 (I’ll contact you if I need anything)’;
// After we have all 4 questions we can upload to the DB and thank the user for their input
$endStatement = ‘Thanks for your time. Hope you have a fun day!’;

// If we have no cookies we need to set all the cookies to nil and ask the opening question.
if(!isset($_COOKIE[‘question1’])) {
$TwiMLResponse = $question1;
//setcookie(‘question1’, ‘nil’);
setcookie(‘event’, $_POST[‘Body’]);
setcookie(‘question1’, ‘nil’);
setcookie(‘question2’, ‘nil’);
setcookie(‘question3’, ‘nil’);
setcookie(‘question4’, ‘nil’);
}
// If Question 1 is blank we can pair the answer to question 1
elseif ($_COOKIE[‘question1’] == ‘nil’) {
setcookie(‘question1’, $_POST[‘Body’]);
$TwiMLResponse = $question2;
}
// If Question 1 is not blank we find out if question 2 is blank and move up the ladder
elseif (($_COOKIE[‘question2’] == ‘nil’)) {
setcookie(‘question2’, $_POST[‘Body’]);
$TwiMLResponse = $question3;
}
elseif (($_COOKIE[‘question3’] == ‘nil’)) {
setcookie(‘question3’, $_POST[‘Body’]);
$TwiMLResponse = $question4;
}
// After we get the response for question 4, we can assign it to the question.
// Now we have all 4 questions answered and can pass the thank you note and also make a HTTP POST to our end point
elseif (($_COOKIE[‘question4’] == ‘nil’)) {
// With the last question answered, we can reply with our end statement and POST all the data from the conversation.
$TwiMLResponse = $endStatement;
// So now we have the cookies for the event and questions 1 to 3 and the BODY tag for answer 4. Now we can make a POST request to our form with that data.

// Get cURL resource
$curl = curl_init();
// Set some options – we are passing in a useragent too here
curl_setopt_array($curl, array(
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => 1,
CURLOPT_URL => ‘https://www.salesforce.com/servlet/servlet.WebToLead?encoding=UTF-8’,
CURLOPT_USERAGENT => ‘TwilioSMS’,
CURLOPT_POST => 1,
// POST fields for salesforce input:
CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => array(‘oid’ => ‘ABC123’, ‘phone’ => $_POST[‘From’], ‘Campaign_ID’ => $_COOKIE[‘event’], ‘Question1’ => $_COOKIE[‘question1’], ‘Question2’ => $_COOKIE[‘question2’], ‘Question3’ => $_COOKIE[‘question3’], ‘Question4’ => $_POST[‘Body’])

));
// Send the request & save response to $resp
$resp = curl_exec($curl);
// Close request to clear up some resources
curl_close($curl);
}
header(‘content-type: text/xml’);
?>
<Response><Message><?php echo $TwiMLResponse; ?></Message></Response>

As you can see Im only use one script to manage the conversation, updating the cookies and working out where the data needs to be updated to and eventually POSTed too. As we are capturing questions about our SalesForceEU event Im going to need 4 questions:

$question1 = ‘Hello. Welcome to the event! We would like to ask you some questions about your experience.</Message><Message>What did you think of the venue & refreshments? 5 (Exceptional) 0 (Poor)’; // by adding the </Message><Message> you can break up the initial response into a welcome message and then question1.
$question2 = ‘And the content of the Presentations? 5 (Exceptional) 0 (Poor)’;
$question3 = ‘How likely are you to attend future Twilio events from 5 (Definitely would) to 0 (definitely would not)’;
$question4 = ‘Is there anything specific you would like to discuss with Twilio? 5 (Yes, please asks someone to call) 0 (I’ll contact you if I need anything)’;

As the script gets more replies from Twilio it populates the questions cookies until they are all full of data. Then we thank the user for their time, assemble the POST request and send it off to SalesForce.

CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => 1,
CURLOPT_URL => ‘https://www.salesforce.com/servlet/servlet.WebToLead?encoding=UTF-8’,
CURLOPT_USERAGENT => ‘TwilioSMS’,
CURLOPT_POST => 1,
// POST fields for salesforce input:
CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => array(‘oid’ => ‘ABC123’, ‘phone’ => $_POST[‘From’], ‘Campaign_ID’ => $_COOKIE[‘event’], ‘Question1’ => $_COOKIE[‘question1’], ‘Question2’ => $_COOKIE[‘question2’], ‘Question3’ => $_COOKIE[‘question3’], ‘Question4’ => $_POST[‘Body’])

If we run a test between my phone and Salesforce we get:

Twilio2SalesForceSMS

Twilio2SalesForceSMS

 

and in SalesForce:

SalesForce Leed Capture from SMS

SalesForce Leed Capture from SMS

 

As you can see this opens up lots of possibilities of lead capture and accurate number sourcing from events. You can even have a campaign manager back at HQ reaching back out to leads while they are still at the event.

 

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When I talk to people about using Twilio (Twilio.com) SMS to engage with their customers I get a lot of push back on the technical side of how to manage a two way conversation.

If you think back to the old days before iPhones and threaded messages. We had whats now called ‘Nokia’ style messages. This is just a continuous list of messages that arrive into your mailbox, messages between two handsets were not threaded or connected in anyway. Twilio operates in the same fashion, a message out to a handset is not connected to a message in from a handset, there is no ID that links them and no function to make parent child relationships.

Step in Twilio Cookies. In the internet world you can use cookies to track a clients events and navigation throughout your website, you can use it to log if a customer viewed a product or read an article and then clicked on a related one. A visual example :

Cookies Example

Cookies Example (Taken from Twilio.com)

Using Cookies with Twilio we can imitate a conversation with the handset / end user, collecting data along the way and at the end of the conversation we can do something meaningful with the information – such as POST the data to a database or store in a file somewhere.

Why would conversations / cookies be handy to use with Twilio? Well, imagine your hosting an event and you want to get feedback from your guests, you can pass your guests a Twilio powered phone number which when they message will initiate a conversation with them.  At the end of the conversation we will have meaningful answers about the event, not to mention the guests phone number so we can follow up with that all important sales call!

 

The example Im using here is a single page PHP powered script that when your guests message will ask them favourite colour, meal, drink and if they want to go to the movies next week. We will then take this data and make a HTTP POST request to any server with the data. You can use Google Forms here to capture all your responses by amending the URL and POST ID’s. See: https://www.twilio.com/blog/2012/11/connecting-twilio-sms-to-a-google-spreadsheet.html as an example here.

If you just want the code its hosted at: TwilioSMSConversationCookies/TwilioSMSConversation.php

Below is a break down of the script:

These are the questions we want to ask when the user sends us a message:

// Load the questions we want:
$question1 = ‘Hello. What is your favourite colour’;
$question2 = ‘Thanks! Whats your favourite meal’;
$question3 = ‘Tasty! What about to Drink?’;
$question4 = ‘Delish! Do you want to go to the movies next week?’;

At the end of our conversation we want to thank the user so they know that no more questions are coming, and its polite!

// After we have all 4 questions we can upload to the DB and thank the user for their input
$endStatement = ‘Thanks for your time. Hope you have a fun day!’;

We are going to use cookies to track the conversation, I find that its better to pass all the cookies info we want with nil values and add data to these values as the conversation goes rather than adding them as we go. This way we can logically track the conversation.

if(!isset($_COOKIE[‘question1’])) {
$TwiMLResponse = $question1;
//setcookie(‘question1’, ‘nil’);
setcookie(‘event’, $_POST[‘Body’]);
setcookie(‘question1’, ‘nil’);
setcookie(‘question2’, ‘nil’);
setcookie(‘question3’, ‘nil’);
setcookie(‘question4’, ‘nil’);
}

As this conversation is kicked off by the user and not by us, we set all the question cookies to nil, load the first question into $TwiMLResponse and set the event cookie to be the current data in the original message. So for example if our event was called ‘Mats BBQ’ and I asked all my users to send the opening message as ‘Mats BBQ’ the event cookie would be ‘Mats BBQ’.

Because no question has been asked yet, all our cookie values are blank and we can ask our questions:

// If Question 1 is blank we can pair the answer to question 1
elseif ($_COOKIE[‘question1’] == ‘nil’) {
setcookie(‘question1’, $_POST[‘Body’]);
$TwiMLResponse = $question2;
}
// If Question 1 is not blank we find out if question 2 is blank and move up the ladder
elseif (($_COOKIE[‘question2’] == ‘nil’)) {
setcookie(‘question2’, $_POST[‘Body’]);
$TwiMLResponse = $question3;
}
elseif (($_COOKIE[‘question3’] == ‘nil’)) {
setcookie(‘question3’, $_POST[‘Body’]);
$TwiMLResponse = $question4;
}

Questions 1 to 3 are the same, its a case of moving through the questions, assigning the ‘Body’ value to the last question asked. When we get to the answer for Question 4 we have all our answers, so no need to set any more cookies.

Now we can take all our data, wrap it up into an array and make a HTTP POST request with this data:

// After we get the response for question 4, we can assign it to the question.
// Now we have all 4 questions answered and can pass the thank you note and also make a HTTP POST to our end point
elseif (($_COOKIE[‘question4’] == ‘nil’)) {
// With the last question answered, we can reply with our end statement and POST all the data from the conversation.
$TwiMLResponse = $endStatement;
// So now we have the cookies for the event and questions 1 to 3 and the BODY tag for answer 4. Now we can make a POST request to our form with that data.

// Get cURL resource
$curl = curl_init();
// Set some options – we are passing in a useragent too here
curl_setopt_array($curl, array(
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => 1,
CURLOPT_URL => ‘HTTP://YOUR.Domain.TLD/POST’,
CURLOPT_USERAGENT => ‘TwilioSMS’,
CURLOPT_POST => 1,
CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => array(‘From’ => $_POST[‘From’], ‘Event’ => $_COOKIE[‘event’], ‘Question1’ => $_COOKIE[‘question1’], ‘Question2’ => $_COOKIE[‘question2’], ‘Question3’ => $_COOKIE[‘question3’], ‘Question4’ => $_POST[‘Body’])
));
// Send the request & save response to $resp
$resp = curl_exec($curl);
// Close request to clear up some resources
curl_close($curl);
}

I’ve removed my POST URL and ID’s to forms so you can see what question tally’s to what data and it should be easy enough to input your own details.

At then end of the php processing loop we need to pass all the information needed by Twilio:

header(‘content-type: text/xml’);
?>
<Response><Sms><?php echo $TwiMLResponse; ?></Sms></Response>

TwiML needs to pass strict XML  to operate so we set the header as XML file and then use the variable $TwiMLResponse to manage what we actually say back to our users.

I hope this helps your events get more data and keep your customers more engaged with your brand.

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One of the coolest things about having your own phone number with Twilio (Twilio.com). Is that you can do some very nifty things with it.

For example, if you need a conference room setup with a text message you can forward to your friends, you can configure this in a PHP script quite easily, we can even get the script to respond to your request with details about the number to ring and the pin code.

If you haven’t already done so, head over to Twilio (Twilio.com) an sign up at: Try-Twilio This will provision you a Twilio number that you can call into and interact with.

Once we have a number lets build a script that can respond to our SMS message, generate the conference room pin and then respond back with the details of our conference room.

<?php

// Incoming Voice number thats paired with this setup – used for voice Conferences etc.
$voiceNumber = “+1…”;

// Get the Variables from the HTTP POST, We want to know the BODY and the FROM so we can authorise and action the request.

$fromPhoneNumber = $_POST[“From”];
$messageBody = $_POST[“Body”];

// Check the phone number is on our authorised list if so action the SMS request.

// As this grows I want to put the numbers into an authorised DB and make a DB request regarding this.
// As this minute we are just going to look up against authorised number just in the IF field.

if ($fromPhoneNumber == “+1…” or “+44…”) // This is the list of authorised numbers that can make conf rooms.

{

// If the number is authorised then we are going to look at the body for what we need to make / do.

if ($messageBody == “Conference” or “Conf”)
{
// If the body is Conference we want to generate a 4 digit pin number and then generate a SMS message that can be
// forwarded out to the participants.

// The idea is that this script will reply with
// “A Conference has been setup, please call XYZ Number press option X and enter pin abcd”

$confPin = rand(1000, 9999); // Generate a random pin number
$TwiMLResponse = “<Message>Conference Room Details:\r\nPhone Number: ” . $voiceNumber . “\r\nConference Pin: ” . $confPin. “</Message>”;
}
else // Catch all for whats left.
{
$TwiMLResponse = “<Message>Sorry, Me No understand. Try Again.</Message>”;
}
}
else
{
$TwiMLResponse = “<Message>Sorry, Your not authorised for this.</Message>”;
}

header(“content-type: text/xml”);
?>

<Response><?php echo $TwiMLResponse; ?></Response>

This script will check that the inbound number is able make conference room pin numbers and if so will generate a 4 digit pin that will then be distributed back to the user.

Now when we text our number the body “Conference” or “Conf” from an authorised phone it will generate a pin number and respond back with details of the conference room in a SMS message:

 

Conf Details

Conference Room Details

 

You can then copy and paste this SMS message into a group SMS or Whatsapp and allow people to call into the conference room.

Now we have the SMS part setup we need to build a script that can welcome the caller, get the pin number and then route them to the correct conference based on that response.

<?php

// Check to see if a Conf Pin has been inputted. If so, make a Conf room with that pin.
$confPin = $_GET[“Digits”];

// If no conf Pin ask the caller to enter a Conf pin or else hangup.
if (isset($confPin)){
$TwiMLResponse = “<Say voice=\”alice\”>Placing You into Conference Now.</Say><Dial><Conference>”. $confPin .”</Conference></Dial>”;
}
else
{
$TwiMLResponse = “<Gather method=\”GET\” timeout=\”25\” numDigits=\”4\”><Say voice=\”alice\”>Hello and welcome to the conference line. Please enter the Conference Pin.</Say></Gather><Say>I’m Sorry I didnt catch that</Say>”;

}

header(“content-type: text/xml”);
?>

<Response><?php echo $TwiMLResponse; ?></Response>

 

Here in this script we are checking to see if the GET method has been passed with any digits, indicating that the caller has already been greeted and input a conference pin. If we have a conference pin then we can use the digits to put his caller into that conference room.

 

This is a very simple conference line setup tool, and it will need some further modifying to make it secure. For example right now any 4 digit numbers will create a conference room. You may wish to modify the code so that only generated pin numbers can be used and those numbers cannot be reused – entirely up to you.

 

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In recent years, the need for physical internet security has grown, with websites being comprised constantly, we need a way to identify the real you from the internet you..

Enter the world of Two Factor Authentication. This pairs something you have, and something you know.. in our case, a mobile phone and a password.

Imagine signing into a website, after you put your username and password in the website sends you a SMS message or a quick voice call to actually make sure its you.

Using Twilio as the SMS / voice gateway this is possible and really easy to implement, particularly into a PHP server.

You will need:

  1. A Twilio Account – with Twilio Phone number
  2. A PHP webserver
  3. A copy of the TwoFactor Auth script found at: https://github.com/dotmat/TwilioTwoFactorAuth

If you haven’t already, please sign up for a trial account at Twilio : https://www.twilio.com/try-twilio

Once you have signed up you will need to edit the file: TwoFactorAuthProcessor.php placing your AccountSID, Auth Key and Twilio phone number in the top part of the file.

I have included in the git a quick index page that you can fill in, the page will make a HTTP POST to the processor and generate a two-factor passcode which it will either call or SMS to your phone.

Using Two-Factor authentication on your website will make your service more secure and provide peace of mind to your customers / users that even with a security breach, your users remain safe and malicious users are not able to gain access to your platform as they do not have the end users phone – something needed to pickup the two factor key.

 

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So one of the buzzword’s used in 2012 was ‘Big Data’, representing the interconnection of lots of databases from a variety of sources all communicating together.

Why might you want to engage with big data? Well say your website or app wants to make use of a post code search tool to confirm someones address, or allow your visitors to look up a weather report for a holiday destination you are offering without the user leaving your website or app.

This is achieved through the use of some technology known as ‘web services’ or an ‘Application Programming Interface’ (API).

One of my projects for 2013 involves making use of API’s to load data from a web server so I thought I would share how API’s work through this demo:

Lets say you have a database of recipes containing:

  • Recipe ID
  • Title
  • Thumbnail of the Dish
  • Ingredients & Method
  • Author

Next you would need to define what formats you want your data to be presented back, in this case I am going to use JSON and XML formatting.

On your web server create a new folder or appropriate place to store your API data file. In my case I have chosen: domain.com/api_interface/ and add a new file titled ‘API.php’

Inside API.php we can start to add some code:

<?php

//Checking and Getting the two variables format and number of records
if(isset($_GET[‘format’]) and intval($_GET[‘num’])) {

//Set our variables
$format = strtolower($_GET[‘format’]);
$num = intval($_GET[‘num’]);

In this code we open the PHP tags and check that we are getting two variables from the HTTP request – the format (either XML or JSON) and num (number of rows of data).

After this we need to connect to the database and start to query for data:

//Connect to the Database
$con = mysql_connect(“localhost”,”username”,”password”) or die (‘MySQL Connection Error.’);
mysql_select_db(“database_name”, $con) or die(‘MySQL Table Error.’);

//Run the API query
$result = mysql_query(‘SELECT * FROM table ORDER BY `recipe_id` ASC LIMIT ‘ . $num, $con) or die(‘MySQL Query Error.’);

This query will look-up the table ‘table’ from the database ‘database_name’ and return in ASCENDING order rows of data.

Now we have the data we can build an array and begin to present the data we would like.

//Preapre our output
if($format == ‘json’) {

$recipes = array();
while($recipe = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) {
$recipes[] = array(‘post’=>$recipe);
}

$output = json_encode(array(‘posts’ => $recipes));

Fortunately for us PHP includes an encoder for JSON so specifying that we want the data in JSON format we can load the data into an array and then write the data directly into the correct format.

If on the other hand we would like our data in XML format we can use a loop inside php to load the array and then fill in the XML tags to present back the XML format required:

elseif($format == ‘xml’) {

header(‘Content-type: text/xml’);
$output .= “<?xml version=\”1.0\”?>\n”;
$output .= “<recipes>\n”;

for ($i = 0 ; $i < mysql_num_rows($result) ; $i++)
{
$row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result);
$output .= “<recipe> \n”;
$output .= “<recipe_id>” . $row[‘recipe_id’] . “</recipe_id> \n”;
$output .= “<recipe_name>” . $row[‘title’] . “</recipe_name> \n”;
$output .= “<recipe_img_small>” . $row[‘thumbnail_photo_url’] . “</recipe_img_small> \n”;
$output .= “<recipe_link>http://www.domain.com/recipes/recipe_detail.php?=” . $row[‘recipe_id’] . “</recipe_link> \n”;
$output .= “</recipe> \n”;
}

$output .= “</recipes>”;

The else if statement is connected to the IF statement above and relates to the users choice of data they would like (JSON Vs XML). As the If statement is run it loops through the statement filling in the blanks with data from the Array creating a complete XML file.

This is what the files look like in their respective outputs.

JSON:

{“posts”:[{“post”:{“recipe_id”:”1″,”title”:”Quick and Easy Rice”,”large_photo_url”:”tbd”,”thumbnail_photo_url”:”tbd”,”ingredients”:”Rice\r\nBoiling Water\r\nSesame Oil – Optional\r\n”,”method”:”Cook some rice”,”Author”:”Mathew”,”thumbs”:”1″}}]}

XML:

<recipes>
<recipe>
<recipe_id>1</recipe_id>
<recipe_name>Quick and Easy Rice</recipe_name>
<recipe_img_small>tbd</recipe_img_small>
<recipe_link>http://www.domain.com/recipes/recipe_detail.php?=1</recipe_link>
</recipe>
</recipes>

Building an API like this gives developers the most amount of flexibility when it comes to interfacing with your information and data.

Its worth noting that this API has got NO limitations attached to it and that should someone get a hold of your the API they would be able to spam your web server countless times bringing it down. I HIGHLY recommend the use of an API Key system such as mashery.com or  3scale.net/